{"id":7486,"date":"2021-05-27T05:03:06","date_gmt":"2021-05-27T09:03:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/?p=7486"},"modified":"2021-06-01T05:05:09","modified_gmt":"2021-06-01T09:05:09","slug":"colombian-city-beset-by-crime-declares-black-lives-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/?p=7486","title":{"rendered":"Colombian City Beset by Crime Declares \u2018Black Lives Matter\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure style=\"width: 5568px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402694\/original\/file-20210525-19-16h5jn7.jpg\" width=\"5568\" height=\"3712\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstration for peace in Buenaventura, Colombia, where a cartel turf war has left at least 30 people dead since the beginning of this year. Luis Robayo\/AFP via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.semana.com\/nacion\/articulo\/urgente-grave-situacion-en-buenaventura-reportan-saqueos-en-el-area-del-puerto\/202130\/\">Chaotic and deadly protests<\/a> have for weeks rocked the Colombian port city of Buenaventura. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semana.com\/nacion\/articulo\/autoridades-investigan-tres-muertes-en-protestas-de-este-miercoles-en-buenaventura\/202126\/\">In mid-May<\/a> some demonstrators stormed the airport, and riot police responded with force, killing three.<\/p>\n<p>Buenaventura\u2019s demonstrations are a part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/5\/11\/cali-emerges-as-epicentre-of-colombias-ongoing-unrest\">massive, violent national wave of protests<\/a> over increasing poverty and incessant violence in Colombia. But they actually began well before Colombia\u2019s broader upheaval.<\/p>\n<p>Since early 2021, people in this <a href=\"https:\/\/geoportal.dane.gov.co\/geovisores\/territorio\/servicios-web-geograficos\/?cod=049\">majority-Black coastal city<\/a> have been rising up peacefully but insistently against rampant drug trafficking, political violence and cartel infiltration.<\/p>\n<p>Organized crime and illicit economies are both national problems in Colombia. But in Buenaventura, a history of state neglect has allowed both to flourish unchecked, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=WvO0RgIAAAAJ&amp;hl=en&amp;authuser=1&amp;gmla=AJsN-F6H25YEpEpLDoeSyz3HJMMO7N6Ww_gzpTquP-RTH1MG-525I5paRUsnNF5eC7lcqiIImFrojBmRGOOv6Bc6BzJ_S7aTgc-cDe3wVElDu-J_rfOwrqk&amp;sciund=5776971038694750573\">my academic research in the city<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pares.com.co\/2020\/06\/03\/racismo-y-covid-19-en-colombia-las-vidas-negras-importan\/\">For many Colombian<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wola.org\/2021\/02\/colombian-government-us-policymakers-must-protect-black-lives-buenaventura\/\">international observers<\/a>, the government\u2019s apparent lack of interest in saving Buenaventura has a clear source: structural racism resulting from <a href=\"https:\/\/nacla.org\/news\/2021\/03\/11\/afro-colombians-buenaventura-ports-violence\">state policies that have long marginalized Black Colombians<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none; overflow: hidden;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/video.php?height=476&amp;href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fsoydebuenaventura%2Fvideos%2F2683404115319100%2F&amp;show_text=false&amp;width=476\" width=\"100%\" height=\"476\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<figure><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">After a young Black man named Anderson Arboleda was beaten to death by Colombian police in May 2020, a Buenaventura digital news site posted this explainer on racism in Colombia.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Abandoned city<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Black people, or Afro-Colombians, make up approximately 10% of Colombia\u2019s 50 million people and 85% of Buenaventura\u2019s population.<\/p>\n<p>Many residents originally came to Buenaventura \u2013 located approximately 300 miles from Colombia\u2019s Andean capital, Bogota \u2013 as war refugees from different parts of Colombia\u2019s Pacific region to escape armed conflict.<\/p>\n<p>Colombia is home to a <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/violence-and-killings-havent-stopped-in-colombia-despite-landmark-peace-deal-111232\">half-century long battle among guerrillas, the government and paramilitary groups<\/a>. The war technically ended with a 2016 peace accord, but Colombia\u2019s ever-changing and complex armed conflict continues to kill and displace scores each year. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/1994\/colombia\/gener1.htm\">Most violent crimes in the country go unsolved<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Activists and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wola.org\/2021\/02\/colombian-government-us-policymakers-must-protect-black-lives-buenaventura\/\">human rights groups say Buenaventura\u2019s dismal and dangerous living conditions<\/a> reflect long-standing disparities between Black and white Colombians. For example, approximately <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/eoir\/page\/file\/1277501\/download\">41% of Afro-Colombians live in poverty, compared with 27% of white Colombians<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>All Buenaventura is in desperate need of investment to upgrade its dilapidated or nonexistent infrastructure. Many neighborhoods <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abcolombia.org.uk\/emblematic-case-buenaventura\/\">lack drinkable water, trash pickup and functioning sewers<\/a>. Sewage runs underneath houses near the port and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coha.org\/colombias-next-pertinent-deal-buenaventura\/#_edn10\">flows untreated into the Pacific Ocean<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n<figure style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402692\/original\/file-20210525-13-w1kf1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402692\/original\/file-20210525-13-w1kf1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402692\/original\/file-20210525-13-w1kf1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402692\/original\/file-20210525-13-w1kf1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402692\/original\/file-20210525-13-w1kf1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402692\/original\/file-20210525-13-w1kf1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402692\/original\/file-20210525-13-w1kf1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402692\/original\/file-20210525-13-w1kf1b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"Soldier in fatigue holds a weapon while a young girl covers her head\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Colombian marine on patrol in Buenaventura on Feb. 10, 2021. Luis Robayo\/AFP via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/figure>\n<p>Medical care is also poor in Buenaventura. Local clinics often do not have the supplies or capacity to treat many patients, so sick Buenaventura residents are referred to hospitals in Cali, three hours away. Last June, Buenaventura had <a href=\"https:\/\/colombiacheck.com\/chequeos\/si-buenaventura-tiene-la-tasa-de-letalidad-mas-alta-del-pais-por-covid-19\">Colombia\u2019s highest COVID-19 mortality rate<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A chronic <a href=\"https:\/\/colombiareports.com\/colombias-failing-state-part-2-who-is-the-boss-in-buenaventura\/\">75% unemployment rate<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dane.gov.co\/files\/investigaciones\/planes-desarrollo-territorial\/100320-Info-Alcaldia-Buenaventura.pdf\">64% poverty rate<\/a> \u2013 twice the national average \u2013 make local youth easy recruits for armed groups. The lack of state presence also allows these groups to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dane.gov.co\/files\/investigaciones\/planes-desarrollo-territorial\/100320-Info-Alcaldia-Buenaventura.pdf\">threaten and attack locals<\/a> without accountability. Many residents <a href=\"https:\/\/insightcrime.org\/news\/violence-buenaventura-local-rift\/\">do not even report such incidents<\/a> to police for fear of retaliation.<\/p>\n<p>Although the Colombian national government normally has little presence in Buenaventura, it flexed its muscle when protests broke out. In February, amid the outburst of cartel violence, marines were sent to patrol city streets. And in May, when some protests turned to riots, security forces quelled the uprising with deadly violence.<\/p>\n<p>Cries of \u201cBlack Lives Matter\u201d \u2013 or \u201clas vidas negras importan\u201d \u2013 became a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huckmag.com\/perspectives\/activism-2\/colombia-black-lives-matter-trend-racism\/\">theme in the city\u2019s protests<\/a>, as residents in this oppressed city connect their struggles with those of Black people in the U.S. and worldwide.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cartel violence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Despite these troubles, Buenaventura is home to Colombia\u2019s most vital port. Over 50% of all Colombian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccbun.org\/articulos\/ventajas-competitivas\">imports and exports move through the city<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402900\/original\/file-20210526-17-1aog9od.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402900\/original\/file-20210526-17-1aog9od.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402900\/original\/file-20210526-17-1aog9od.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402900\/original\/file-20210526-17-1aog9od.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402900\/original\/file-20210526-17-1aog9od.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402900\/original\/file-20210526-17-1aog9od.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402900\/original\/file-20210526-17-1aog9od.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402900\/original\/file-20210526-17-1aog9od.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"Large ships with stacked containers lined up in the water\"><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Container ships at the port of Buenaventura, Colombia\u2019s most important port.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0d\/Puerto_de_buenaventura.jpg\" rel=\"mfp\">Jimysantandef via Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, <a class=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>That includes legal goods such as coffee and mined minerals as well as illegal products such as marijuana and <a href=\"https:\/\/wtop.com\/world\/2020\/03\/us-report-colombia-coca-production-still-at-record-high\/\">cocaine<\/a>, which is processed in <a href=\"http:\/\/thecitypaperbogota.com\/news\/colombian-cocaine-exports-increased-during-pandemic-claims-dea\/26915\">hidden laboratories throughout the country<\/a>. Cocaine is shipped from Buenaventura to partner cartels in Central America and on to the U.S. or directly to Europe \u2013 the world\u2019s biggest cocaine markets.<\/p>\n<p>Each kilo of cocaine that makes it to Europe earns <a href=\"https:\/\/insightcrime.org\/news\/analysis\/buenaventura-cocaine-path-least-resistance\/\">approximately US$30,000<\/a>. Controlling Buenaventura and connecting waterways is a profitable enterprise for Colombia\u2019s many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/latin-america-caribbean\/andes\/colombia\/076-calming-restless-pacific-violence-and-crime-colombias-coast\">criminal operations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For years, a local narco-trafficking group called La Local held a comfortable monopoly on illegal imports and exports, allowing for relative peace. But in late 2020, the group split into factions.<\/p>\n<p>The resulting turf war <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semana.com\/nacion\/articulo\/la-increible-guerra-urbana-que-tiene-a-buenaventura-sumida-en-zozobra-y-dolor\/202154\/\">led to at least 30 murders and 40 disappearances<\/a> by February 2021. Another 6,000 people in Buenaventura were forced to flee their homes to escape crossfire. Some fled <a href=\"https:\/\/nacla.org\/news\/2021\/03\/11\/afro-colombians-buenaventura-ports-violence\">besieged portside neighborhoods after death threats<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s collective panic, a generalized sense of insecurity where we can\u2019t feel at ease even in our own neighborhoods or houses or in public spaces,\u201d local activist Danelly Estupi\u00f1\u00e1n told <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2021\/feb\/23\/colombias-capital-of-horror-despairs-amid-renewed-gang-violence-buenaventura\">The Guardian newspaper in February<\/a>. That newspaper has called Buenaventura \u201cColombia\u2019s Capital of Horror.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402693\/original\/file-20210525-19-10gtsr0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402693\/original\/file-20210525-19-10gtsr0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402693\/original\/file-20210525-19-10gtsr0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402693\/original\/file-20210525-19-10gtsr0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402693\/original\/file-20210525-19-10gtsr0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402693\/original\/file-20210525-19-10gtsr0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402693\/original\/file-20210525-19-10gtsr0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402693\/original\/file-20210525-19-10gtsr0.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"Warehouse with rows of plastic packages lined up and a caution tape running across foreground\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Packages of marijuana seized near Buenaventura on March 27, 2021. Luis Robayo\/AFP via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Desperate to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wola.org\/2021\/02\/colombia-begins-2021-alarming-records-violence-urgent-action\/\">stop spiking violence<\/a>, which Estupi\u00f1\u00e1n called a \u201chumanitarian crisis,\u201d residents in this city of 450,000 staged large-scale protests early this year.<\/p>\n<p>At one point in February, they formed a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2021\/feb\/23\/colombias-capital-of-horror-despairs-amid-renewed-gang-violence-buenaventura\">13-mile human \u201cchain for peace.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Buenaventura\u2019s fight for government investment, inclusion in national policymaking and better social welfare programs has had limited success so far.<\/p>\n<p>But locals say something has to change \u2013 and they won\u2019t stop marching until it does.<!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/shauna-n-gillooly-897436\">Shauna N Gillooly<\/a>, PhD Candidate, Political Science, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-california-irvine-1169\">University of California, Irvine<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chaotic and deadly protests have for weeks rocked the Colombian port city of Buenaventura. In mid-May some demonstrators stormed the airport, and riot police responded with force, killing three. Buenaventura\u2019s demonstrations are a part of the massive, violent national wave of protests over increasing poverty and incessant violence in Colombia. But they actually began well&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":124,"featured_media":7489,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/402694\/original\/file-20210525-19-16h5jn7.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"Colombian City Beset by Crime Declares \u2018Black Lives Matter\u2019","footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-security-public-safety"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/124"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7486"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7486\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7488,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7486\/revisions\/7488"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}