{"id":6113,"date":"2017-07-05T17:15:20","date_gmt":"2017-07-05T21:15:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/?p=6113"},"modified":"2017-07-08T17:17:42","modified_gmt":"2017-07-08T21:17:42","slug":"at-what-cost-gentrification-sao-paulo-expels-drug-users-and-razes-buildings-to-revitalize-crackland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/?p=6113","title":{"rendered":"At What Cost Gentrification? S\u00e3o Paulo Expels Drug Users and Razes Buildings to \u2018Revitalize Crackland"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_6114\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6114\" style=\"width: 860px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6114\" src=\"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/3qqf25tx-1497384649.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"860\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/3qqf25tx-1497384649.jpg 860w, https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/3qqf25tx-1497384649-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/3qqf25tx-1497384649-768x379.jpg 768w, https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/3qqf25tx-1497384649-600x296.jpg 600w, https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/3qqf25tx-1497384649-527x260.jpg 527w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6114\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A drug user walks past fire during a police operation in a neighborhood known to locals as Cracolandia (Crackland), in downtown Sao Paulo, Brazil June 11, 2017. REUTERS\/Paulo Whitaker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><em>This article, originally published on June 16 2017, has been updated to reflect the latest developments in S\u00e3o Paulo\u2019s Cracol\u00e2ndia.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>It was a rainy Sunday morning when S\u00e3o Paulo\u2019s \u201cCrackland\u201d was destroyed.<\/p>\n<p>On May 21, 500 civil and military police descended on the downtown neighbourhood where, <a href=\"http:\/\/outraspalavras.net\/brasil\/cracolandia-cinco-faces-de-uma-acao-demente\/\">since the late 1990s<\/a>, hundreds to thousands of crack-cocaine users and drug dealers have congregated (hence its dubious appellation <em>Cracol\u00e2ndia<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sao-paulo.estadao.com.br\/noticias\/geral,policia-faz-operacao-para-prender-traficantes-na-cracolandia,70001801582\">Throwing gas grenades<\/a> and weilding barking dogs, the police raided the area with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WrrbMiPhQRk\">brutality<\/a> that shocked the city.<\/p>\n<p>Tear gas, sound bombs and rubber bullets were unleashed in a \u201cscatter\u201d model, sending residents running. Canvas tents and shacks that provide shelter for dozens of homeless people were ripped down, razed and burned.<\/p>\n<p>According to Mayor Jo\u00e3o Doria, the operation was meant to <a href=\"http:\/\/g1.globo.com\/sao-paulo\/noticia\/policia-faz-operacao-na-cracolandia-no-centro-de-sp.ghtml\">arrest traffickers<\/a>, who operate openly in the area, seize weapons and stop crack-cocaine users from gathering there. Some 50 people were arrested, and residents of buildings facing <em>Cracol\u00e2ndia<\/em>\u2018s streets were evicted.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fFph4wcdb9M?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Police destroying Sao Paulo\u2019s so-called Cracolandia.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u201cOpen arms\u201d no more<\/h2>\n<p>Far from being the lawless desperate place of Doria\u2019s imagination, <em>Cracol\u00e2ndia<\/em> was, until recently, home to one of <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/sao-paulos-drug-policies-are-working-will-the-new-mayor-kill-them-67129\">Latin America\u2019s most innovative social inclusion initiatives<\/a>. Launched in 2014 by the progressive former mayor Fernando Haddad, <em>Programa de Bra\u00e7os Abertos<\/em> (Open Arms Programme) offered housing, meals, part-time work, social services and health care to the area\u2019s homeless drug users.<\/p>\n<p>On the 2016 campaign trail, Doria <a href=\"http:\/\/www1.folha.uol.com.br\/cotidiano\/2016\/10\/1825546-doria-extinguira-programa-mas-mantera-acoes-anticrack-de-haddad.shtml\">committed to shutting the program down<\/a>, which (despite contradictory scientific and human <a href=\"http:\/\/pbpd.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Pesquisa-De-Bra%C3%A7os-Abertos-1-2.pdf\">evidence<\/a>, he called \u201cnot a good programme for the city\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.theconversation.com\/files\/173665\/width754\/file-20170613-30081-19u2ntq.JPG\" alt=\"\"><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">With the now-terminated Open Arms Programme, people in \u2018Cracol\u00e2ndia\u2019 had access to social workers, health care, jobs, training and other city services.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Sebastian Liste\/Noor for the Open Society Foundations<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On May 21, he partially fulfilled that promise. Armed with maps and photos of the facades, city officials emptied out and demolished local \u201chotels\u201d and pensions, evicting entire families, offering no alternative housing or childcare.<\/p>\n<p>Hours later, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffpostbrasil.com\/2017\/05\/24\/acao-de-doria-na-cracolandia-e-midiatica-diz-ex-coordenador-d_a_22108146\/\">mayor took to the airwaves<\/a> to declare the \u201cend of <em>Cracol\u00e2ndia<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Then, on June 26, his administration released its plan for what comes next: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.capital.sp.gov.br\/noticia\/prefeitura-de-sp-divulga-principais-diretrizes-do-projeto-redencao\">Project Redemption<\/a>, an abstinence-based programme co-administered with S\u00e3o Paulo State that, while still short on details, seems to focus on <a href=\"http:\/\/g1.globo.com\/sao-paulo\/noticia\/usuarios-da-cracolandia-dizem-desconhecer-programa-de-doria-e-seguem-atendidos-em-hoteis-de-projeto-de-haddad.ghtml\">involuntary detox of drug users<\/a> in so-called \u201ctherapeutic communities\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The proposal of forced hospitalisation has been dubbed \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffpostbrasil.com\/2017\/05\/22\/conselho-federal-de-psicologia-chama-acao-de-doria-na-cracolandi_a_22103998\/\">barbarism<\/a>\u201d by the Federal Council of Psychology and repudiated by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cremesp.org.br\/?siteAcao=NoticiasC&amp;id=4528\">State Council of Medicine<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/justificando.cartacapital.com.br\/2017\/05\/25\/em-nota-associacao-de-juizes-repudia-politica-higienista-de-doria-na-cracolandia\/\">National Association of Judges<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The courts step in<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The city\u2019s main aim seems to be not support for the city\u2019s most marginalised residents but clearing them out so that this prime downtown swath of S\u00e3o Paulo can be redeveloped.<\/p>\n<p>The newly issued Project Redemption guidelines include a prominent \u201crevitalisation\u201d section, which promises to \u201cpromote urban recuperation in the region\u201d, including rehabbing old buildings and increasing population density.<\/p>\n<p>Some 600 homeless drug users remain in the area, the mayor\u2019s office recently announced, while the other 1,200 have simply <a href=\"http:\/\/g1.globo.com\/sao-paulo\/noticia\/doria-diz-que-um-terco-dos-usuarios-permanece-na-cracolandia.ghtml\">scattered across S\u00e3o Paulo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Those who have reconvened at Princess Isabel Square, two blocks away, have been subject to yet further <a href=\"http:\/\/www1.folha.uol.com.br\/cotidiano\/2017\/06\/1892066-policia-faz-operacao-na-nova-cracolandia-em-sao-paulo.shtml\">police operations<\/a>, in which officer poured cold water on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.diariodocentrodomundo.com.br\/doria-e-alckmin-incendeiam-cracolandia-mais-uma-vez-para-faturar-com-o-inferno-por-mauro-donato\/\">people<\/a> and burned down their shacks.<\/p>\n<p>Doria\u2019s social assistance secretary says he even paid <a href=\"http:\/\/www1.folha.uol.com.br\/cotidiano\/2017\/06\/1892559-gestao-doria-quer-pagar-a-usuarios-de-crack-que-pedirem-para-deixar-sp.shtml\">a bus ticket for a homeless man to go back<\/a> to his home state of Maranh\u00e3o, 3,000 km away, out of his own pocket.<\/p>\n<p>In Brazil, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rioonwatch.org\/?p=25334\">the Constitution, as well as federal, state and municipal laws<\/a>, include <a href=\"http:\/\/www.citiesalliance.org\/node\/1947\">strong housing protections<\/a>, and the S\u00e3o Paulo <a href=\"http:\/\/exame.abril.com.br\/brasil\/por-que-mp-e-defensoria-sao-contra-acao-de-doria-na-cracolandia\/\">Public Defender\u2019s and Public Prosecutor\u2019s offices<\/a> have questioned whether such actions violate residents\u2019 rights.<\/p>\n<p>Undeterred, the city has continued to eradicate the area\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/brasil.elpais.com\/brasil\/2017\/05\/24\/politica\/1495579264_276005.html\">hotels, cafeterias, and pensions<\/a>. At least three buildings were demolished and many others emptied and locked; residents of a <a href=\"http:\/\/sao-paulo.estadao.com.br\/noticias\/geral,demolicao-de-imoveis-na-cracolandia-deixa-feridos,70001808892\">neighbouring structure were wounded<\/a> when it collapsed.<\/p>\n<p>For now, the courts have imposed a moratorium on <a href=\"http:\/\/g1.globo.com\/sao-paulo\/noticia\/justica-proibe-remocoes-compulsorias-e-demolicoes-de-predios-habitados-na-cracolandia.ghtml\">compulsory evictions and demolitions<\/a> in <em>Cracol\u00e2ndia<\/em>, asserting that by law households must be previously notified, registered and provided shelter.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Renewal for whom?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Since the 1990s, numerous city and state leaders have sought the right formula for \u201crevitalising\u201d <em>Cracol\u00e2ndia<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Strategies have ranged from turning <a href=\"http:\/\/www.salasaopaulo.art.br\/home.aspx\">a former railway station<\/a> into a concert hall to, in 2012, advancing the ambitious <em><a href=\"https:\/\/nextcity.org\/features\/view\/the-many-lives-of-luz\">Nova Luz<\/a><\/em> redevelopment project, which would have overhauled nearly 40 hectares of a formerly elite residential area.<\/p>\n<p>Since the 1950s, the elegant 19th-century centre city neighbourhoods of Luz and Santa Efig\u00eania have become working class, with commerce in electronics and the auto parts trade as well as few abandoned buildings <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xn2um8xhc4o\">now occupied by squatters<\/a> from Brazil\u2019s powerful housing movement. The area is also home to poor families who\u2019ve lived there for decades, small businesses, cheap hotels, tenements, decrepit pensions and, of course, <em>Cracol\u00e2ndia<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.theconversation.com\/files\/173867\/width754\/file-20170614-8031-qqtjs0.JPG\" alt=\"\"><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Squatters have reclaimed many vacant buildings in Luz, once an elegant residential area.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Patricia Samora<\/span>, <span class=\"license\">Author provided<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>After the yellow line of the <a href=\"http:\/\/pt.saopaulomap360.com\/mapa-metro-sao-paulo#.WTIZDcm1uRs\">metro<\/a> opened in May 2010, connecting Luz to the commercial and financial centre of Faria Lima Avenue, property values in the neighbourhood appreciated markedly.<\/p>\n<p>But even in S\u00e3o Paulo\u2019s hot real estate market, developers did not jump at the opportunity to replace the centuries-old degraded buildings with modern highrises, as they had in other urban frontiers. Many of the most coveted blocks present costly and time-consuming legal barriers to redevelopment.<\/p>\n<p>In 2011, Mayor Gilberto Kassab almost succeeded issuing a concession to a private developer to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/1807132\/Misusing_the_City_Statute_in_S%C3%A3o_Pulo_The_Nova_Luz_Urban_Renewal_Project\">evict residents, demolish buildings and oust merchants<\/a> from some 40 blocks, claiming them for public use (akin to what American law calls <a href=\"http:\/\/legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com\/eminent+domain\">eminent domain<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Accompanying that revitalisation effort was Operation Smother, <a href=\"http:\/\/g1.globo.com\/sao-paulo\/noticia\/2012\/02\/um-mes-apos-acao-da-policia-cracolandia-resiste-no-centro-de-sp.html\">a series of violent police crackdowns<\/a> on <em>Cracol\u00e2ndia<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/view\/articles\/2012-01-19\/sao-paulo-s-drug-war-takes-surreal-turn-dom-phillips\">The strategy, then as now, was<\/a> to detain drug users, force them into treatment, demolish and rebuild.<\/p>\n<p>By early 2013, the courts had stepped in, and Mayor Fernando Haddad <a href=\"https:\/\/nextcity.org\/daily\/entry\/new-sao-paulo-mayor-shelves-massive-development-project\">abandoned the inherited project<\/a>. In its place, he launched the pioneering Open Arms Programme.<\/p>\n<p>Today, with renewed energy from Mayor Doria, redevelopment is again top priority. The plan to raze at least two blocks of Luz to implement a mixed-use housing and commerce development looks <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jaimelerner.com\/novaluz.html\">similar to <em>Nova Luz<\/em><\/a>. But it includes more affordable housing units developed through public-private partnerships, which urban planners caution <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cartacapital.com.br\/sociedade\/acoes-de-doria-na-cracolandia-abrem-caminho-para-o-mercado-imobiliario\">will spur gentrification<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Doria used a different legal tool this time, too. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/noticias.r7.com\/sao-paulo\/doria-planeja-desapropriar-e-demolir-imoveis-na-cracolandia-22032017\">Administrative requisition<\/a>\u201d allows properties that present \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br\/geral\/noticia\/2017-05\/prefeitura-derrubara-imoveis-na-cracolandia-por-serem-area-de-interesse\">imminent public danger<\/a>\u201d to be seized and destroyed.<\/p>\n<p>The courts have now suspended this process, with the Prosecutor\u2019s Office insisting that the mayor adhere to the S\u00e3o Paulo master plan\u2019s requirement that <a href=\"https:\/\/noticias.uol.com.br\/cotidiano\/ultimas-noticias\/2017\/06\/02\/mp-diz-que-dispersao-de-pessoas-na-cracolandia-e-afoita-e-protocola-acao-contra-prefeitura.htm\">residents and merchants<\/a> sign off on all projects that impact them.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.edu.au\/content\/78831\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">Doria, a multi-millionare political outsider, ran for mayor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/10\/world\/americas\/a-rich-apprentice-host-in-politics-but-this-mayor-says-hes-no-trump.html\">promising to shake things up in S\u00e3o Paulo<\/a>. That much he has done. Isr displacing thousands to appease the unrelenting forces of real estate what voters had in mind?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/patricia-rodrigues-samora-309645\">Patricia Rodrigues Samora<\/a>, Professor of Urban Management, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/pontifical-catholic-university-of-campinas-2798\">Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article was originally published on <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a>. Read the <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/at-what-cost-gentrification-sao-paulo-expels-drug-users-and-razes-buildings-to-revitalise-crackland-78831\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article, originally published on June 16 2017, has been updated to reflect the latest developments in S\u00e3o Paulo\u2019s Cracol\u00e2ndia. It was a rainy Sunday morning when S\u00e3o Paulo\u2019s \u201cCrackland\u201d was destroyed. On May 21, 500 civil and military police descended on the downtown neighbourhood where, since the late 1990s, hundreds to thousands of crack-cocaine&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":124,"featured_media":6114,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[185],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy-infrastructure"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/124"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6113"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6115,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6113\/revisions\/6115"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/latinamericasecurityreport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}